Bhaskara Ii

Bhaskara[1] (Marathi: ??????, Kannada: ????????????) (11141185), also known as Bhaskara II and Bhaskara Ach?rya (Bhaskara the instructor), was an Indian mathematician and an astronomer. He was natural near Bijjada Bida which is in present day Bijapur district, Karnataka, India. Bhaskara was the head of an astronomical observatory at Ujjain, the leading mathematical center of ancient India. His predecessors in this stock had included both the noted Indian mathematicians Brahmagupta and Varahamihira. He lived in the Sahyadri region.[1]
Bhaskara and his works represent a significant contribution to mathematical and astronomical knowledge in the 12th century. He has been called the great mathematician of medieval India.[2] His main work was the Siddhanta Siromani, Sanskrit for Crown of treatises,[3] is divided into four-spot parts called Lilavati , Bijaganita, Grahaganita and Goladhyaya.[4] These four sections deal with arithmetic, algebra, mathematics of the planets, and spheres respectively.
Bhaskaras work on infinitesimal calculus predates Newton and Leibniz by half a millennium.[5][6] He is particularly known in the discovery of the principles of differential calculus and its application to astronomical problems and computations.



While Newton and Leibniz have been credit with differential and integral calculus, there is strong evidence to apprize that Bhaskara was a pioneer in some of the principles of differential calculus. He was perhaps the first to conceive the differential coefficient and differential calculus.[7]
Family
Bhaskara was born into a family belonging to the Deshastha Brahmin community.[8] History records his great-great-great-grandfather holding a hereditary post as a court scholar, as did his son and other descendants. His father Mahesvara[1] was as an astrologer, who taught him mathematics, which he ulterior passed on to his son Loksamudra. Loksamudras son helped to set up a school in 1207 for the study of Bh?skaras writings.[9]
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